Table of Contents.
8.1 Helicopter Limitations
Recall the reason for:
- Maximum rotor RPM - power on
- Maximum rotor RPM - power off
- Minimum rotor RPM - power on
- Minimum rotor RPM - power off
- Never exceed speed - power on
- Never exceed speed - power off
- Maximum sideways speed
- Maximum rearward speed
- Maximum take-off weight
- Maximum all up weight
- Minimum operating weight
- Maximum positive and negative flight load factors
8.2 Flight Manual
Select from a list the information which may be obtained from a flight manual.
8.3 to 8.4 Density Altitude
Match each of the following terms with an appropriately worded definition:
- Pressure altitude
- Density altitude
- Ambient conditions
- Forecast conditions
Calculate density altitude given pressure altitude (or elevation and QNH) and temperature.
8.5 Helicopter Landing Sites (HLS)
Recall the requirements of Basic and Standard helicopter landing sites (HLS) in respect to:
- Physical specifications
- Operational requirements
- General conditions for use
8.6 to 8.7 Take-off and Landing Weight
Select from a list the statement which best describes:
- The effect of the following variables on the take-off and/or landing performance of a helicopter
- weight
- none
- none
- power
- ground effect
- density altitude
- ambient wind component
- The easiest way of determining pressure altitude from a sensitive altimeter.
Determine hover performance in and out of ground effect given the following:
- Gross weight
- Pressure altitude
- Temperature
- Flight manual performance charts
8.8 Forward Climb Performance
Given graphical or tabular information typical of that provided in a flight manual for a single-engine helicopter extract:
- The best rate of climb for various conditions of pressure altitude, temperature and weight
- The service ceiling for various conditions of pressure altitude, temperature and weight
8.9 Cruise Performance
Given graphical or tabular information typical of that provided in a flight manual for a single-engine helicopter, calculate:
- Maximum payload which may be carried after determining the fuel requirements and the nature of the operation
- Endurance for holding or search for various combinations of helicopter weight and fuel
- The maximum range, given weight, fuel carried and cruising altitude
8.10 to 8.11 Weight and Balance
Recall the meaning of the following terms used in the computation of weight and balance data:
- Datum
- Arm
- Moment
- Station
- Centre of gravity range
- Lateral centre of gravity range
- Empty weight
- Operating weight
- Maximum take-off weight (MTOW)
Given a typical manual for a single-engine helicopter:
- Extract the following weight and balance information
- MTOW
- capacity and arm of the baggage lockers
- capacity, arm, grade and specific gravity of the fuel
- location and arms of the seating
- Determine the forward, aft and lateral limits of the C of G for a given weight in the case of the above helicopter
- Determine whether the helicopter is safely loaded for flight given various combinations of weight and balance data using arithmetical methods or the specified loading system for the helicopter
- Calculate the adjustment of load required to achieve a C of G within specified limits if previously determined to be outside limits
- Calculate where to position additional load items so that the C of G is retained within the specific limits.
8.12 to 8.17 Flight Plan Preparation
Extract/apply the responsibilities of a pilot in command with regard to weather and operational briefing prior to planning a VFR flight.
Given a route applicable to:
- the level of licence
- type of operation viz (OCTA/CTA)
- none
- none
- none
- none
- none
- Select appropriate charts for the flight
- List the operations for which it is mandatory to obtain a weather briefing
- List the weather services available, and nominate the sources and methods of obtaining this information
- State the minimum flight notification required, the method(s) of submitting this notification, and identify flight plan details that must be submitted.
Given an aerodrome forecast, decide whether it is necessary to:
- Nominate an alternate aerodrome, or
- Carry additional fuel for holding and if so
- nominate an appropriate alternate aerodrome
- determine the quantity of additional fuel required for holding or flight to the alternate
Given a typical flight scenario including:
- departure and landing points within and outside controlled airspace
- weather and operational briefing
- appropriate performance data
- Select safe route/cruise levels to comply with VFR
- Select cruise levels
- to comply with VFR and the table of cruising levels
- which meets passenger and fuel economy requirements
- Determine
- the minimum fuel required
- the maximum payload (passengers/cargo and fuel) that may be carried whilst meeting the appropriate requirements
- whether intermediate refuelling is necessary
- ETD/ETA after considering VFR (Day) requirements and flight/duty time limitations
- Complete a Flight Plan and a loading system.
Equi-time point (ETP), Point of no return (PNR), Diversions:
- cite/recognise situations which may require the calculation of an ETP or PNR
- Assuming a constant cruise altitude and TAS, indicate the position of an ETP between two points
- Given fuel on board, use planned/given ground speed to decide which of the following courses of action would require the least fuel (including reserves)
- proceed to destination
- none
- none
- return to the departure aerodrome
- proceed to a suitable alternate
Calculate time and distance to an ETP or PNR between two points, using planned or given data.
8.18 Airworthiness and Equipment
- State the purpose of certificates of airworthiness and registration
- Given a typical scenario, extract the communication and normal and emergency equipment required to be on board an aircraft
- State the responsibilities of a pilot in command with regard to
- daily inspections
- recording/reporting aircraft defects
- Know the types of maintenance that may be carried out by a PPL or CPL holder, as appropriate
- Given a copy of a maintenance release:
- determine its validity
- none
- none
- none
- none
- none
- list the classes of operation applicable to the aircraft