With respect to the items listed below recall the standard abbreviations used and meet the objectives stated:

1. Express direction as a three figure group and in the clock code
2. As a two-figure group for runways
3. Define True (T), Magnetic (M), and Compass (C) North
4. Define heading (HDG), wind velocity (W/V)
5. State the units used for distance:
   • navigation - nautical miles(nm)
   • visibility - metres (m), kilometres (km)
6. Define a knot (kt)
7. Define wind velocity (W/V)
8. express time as a 4, 6 and 8 figure group and mentally convert local time (EST, CST, WST), to UTC and vice versa
9. State the unit used (ft) for vertical measurement and differentiate between:
   • height
   • altitude
   • elevation
10. State the units used for:
    • runway direction and dimensions - as per ERSA
    • temperature - degrees Celsius (C)
    • pressure - hectopascals (hPa)
    • weight - kilograms (kg), pounds (lb)
    • volume - litres (l), gallons (gal)

1. Explain the terms:
   • octane rating/performance number
   • avgas, Avtur and indicate how to identify Avtur and Avgas
   • multi grade oils, viscosity and vegetable/mineral/synthetic based oils
2. List sources of fuel contamination i.e. water, ice, other impurities
3. State the advantage of filling tanks prior to overnight parking
4. State when and how a fuel system should be inspected
5. List the potential consequences of:
   • mixing vegetable, mineral and synthetic based oils
   • using automobile gasoline or AVGAS of a lower than recommended octane rating

State the atmospheric conditions conducive to the formation of:

1. none
2. none
3. none
4. none
5. Throttle ice
6. Fuel evaporation ice
7. Impact ice
   • in a carburettor

Select from a list the statement which best describes:

1. The effects of carburettor heat on mixture and power
2. The need to monitor cylinder head temp and oil temperatures in the climb, cruise & descent
3. The potential dangers to engine operation of excessively high or low oil temperatures or pressures
4. The seasonal influence on the choice of appropriate grades of oil viscosity
5. The symptoms of fuel vaporisation and the methods of rectification

In respect of the following systems and their major components, identify correct statements regarding:

1. none
2. none
3. none
4. none
5. none
6. The purpose of the system or component
7. The pilot actions necessary to make it function
8. Indications of malfunction
9. The precautions which may be taken to prevent malfunction
10. The pilot actions, if any, which can be taken with regard to trouble shooting and rectification of malfunction
    1. Exhaust driven supercharger systems (turbochargers):
       • compressors
       • turbines
       • waste gates
    2. Main and tail rotor systems:
       • abnormal vibrations from main and tail rotor systems
       • control systems
       • trimming devices
       • stabilisers
    3. Transmissions:
       • clutches
       • free-wheel units
       • rotor brakes
    4. Oil systems:
       • reservoirs
       • pressure pumps and filters
       • pressure gauges
       • temperature gauges
       • scavenge pumps
       • oil coolers
       • pressure relief valves
       • oil cooler by-pass valves
       • dipsticks

In respect of the following systems and their major components, identify correct statements regarding:

1. The purpose of the system or component
2. The pilot actions necessary to make it function
3. Indications of malfunction
4. The precautions which may be taken to prevent malfunction
5. The pilot actions, if any, which can be taken with regard to trouble shooting and rectification of malfunction
   1. Electrical systems:
      • generators
      • alternators
      • batteries
      • battery or master switches
      • generator or alternator switches
      • alternator field switches
      • ignition switches
      • voltage regulators
      • over-voltage relays
      • voltammeters
      • ammeters
      • battery busbars
      • main busbars
      • circuit breakers
      • circuit breakers and fuses
      • switches (push button, toggle, micro and rheostat)
      • piston engine starting systems
      • dual magneto
      • external power receptacles
      • inverters
   2. Fuel systems:
      • pump fed and gravity fed systems
      • tank venting and pressurisation
      • booster pumps
      • tank selectors and cross-feed systems
      • system drains
      • fuel quantity transmitters and gauges
      • fuel filters
      • fuel pressure gauges
      • fuel flow gauges
   3. Hydraulic systems:
      • reservoirs
      • pumps (engine driven, electrically driven and hand operated)
      • shut off valves
      • unloader valves
      • pressure relief valves
      • shuttle valves
      • restrictors
      • control valves
      • actuators
      • accumulators
      • emergency air bottles
   4. Fixed skid and wheel undercarriage systems.
   5. Anti-icing and de-icing systems:
      • pitot heat
      • carburettor heat
      • intake heat
   6. Heating systems:
      • fuel heaters
      • hot air shrouds
      • bleed air
   7. Fire warning and fire extinguishing systems:
      • heat sensitive detectors
      • warning bells, lights and circuitry
      • extinguishers and actuators

In respect of the following engine, flight and navigational instruments identify correct statements regarding:

1. The purpose of the instrument and the Learnrmation displayed
2. The inputs required to make the engine and flight instruments function
3. The pilot actions, if any, to make if function
4. The indications of malfunction
5. The limitations and errors of the flight and navigational instruments
6. The precautions which may be taken to prevent malfunction or erroneous indications
7. The pilot actions, if any, which can be taken with regard to trouble-shooting and rectification of malfunctioning
   1. Engine instruments:
      • manifold pressure gauges
      • tachometers and tachometer generators
      • cylinder head temperature gauges
   2. Flight instruments:
      • artificial horizons/attitude indicators
      • direction indicators
      • turn and balance indicators
      • airspeed indicators
      • altimeters
      • vertical speed indicators
      • inertial lead vertical speed indicators
      • magnetic compasses
      • remote magnetic compasses